As of 2021, Turkey has a population of 84.4 million, making it the 18th largest country in the world by this measure. There are 48.9% males and 51.1% females.

There are 29.6 million people employed in Turkey, with an unemployment rate of 14.2% – 3.6 million people.


Turkey is the 19th largest economy in the world with a GDP of $801.6bn. Turkey’s GDP has grown by 4% between 2010 and 2021 and is expected to grow by 21% by 2025.

As of 2021 there are 8.2 million students in tertiary education in Turkey, with 13 million students in secondary and 4.9 million in primary education. Turkey spent 6.4% of its GDP on education in 2019.

Turkey ranked 33rd in the World Bank’s Doing Business Report (2020). In the 2019 report it finished 43rd. In the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report (2019), Turkey finished 61st, after ranking 61st in 2018.

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Public healthcare expenditure totalled $25bn and private healthcare expenditure equalled $7bn in 2018.

The largest urban areas in Turkey are Istanbul (16.4 million people), Ankara (5.9 million) and Izmir (4.5 million).